Biology-Transport-Composition of Blood

1)Unicellular organism are able to obtain oxygen and nutrients directly from the enviroment by diffusion through the plasma membrane.there organism have a large total surface area to volume(TSA/V)ratio and enabling substances to diffuse easily .Hence,the organisms do not need an internal transport system

2)Human blood is made up of 55% plasma and 45% of blood cells

3)90%of plasma is water.6%is plasma protein.Digestive products ,waste product and dissolved gases are variable

4)the function of plasma protein:
a)albumin-to maintain osmotic pressure of blood
b)globulin-acts as antibody
c)fibrinogen-involved is blood clotting
d)prothombin-catalyst in blood clotting

5)there are 3 types of blood cell is human
a)red blood cell (erythrocytes)
b)white blood cell(leucocytes)
c)platelets(thrombocytes)

6)erythrocyte have a biconcave shape and lack nucleus,bcause of enabling erythrocyte to contain more haemoglobin yo carry more oxygen .The size or erythrocytes is 2(micro)m in the thick and 7.5(micro)m in the side

7)All leucocytes have a nucleus.five type of leucocytes can divided to two group.Granulocytes and Agranulocytes.

8)Granulocytes
-neuthrophills-have a 2 to 5 lobes nucleus->engulf and destroy pathogens
-eosinophils-double lobed nucleus->produce enzymes to cure inflammation in alergy reaction
-basophils-have a S-shaped nucleus->heparin to prevent blood clotting

9)Agranulocytes
-Lymphocytes-sphere shaped nucleus->produce the immune response against foreign substance
-monocytes-large bean shaped nucleus->engulf and destroy pathogens

Chemistry-Carbon Compound-Coagulation of latex

1)the rubber particle are made up from long chain rubber polymer[(CH5H8)n]surround by a PROTEIN MEMBRANE.the protein membrane is NEGATIVEly charged .the forces of repulsion between negatively charged particle prevent them from combining or coagualting.....

2)latex coagulates when:
a)acid is added to it such as methanoic acid,ethanoic acid or any other weak acid
b)left aside 1-2 days due to bacterial action on latex.Bacteria produce LACTIC ACID that contain hydrogen ion which causes coagulation of latex.Coagulate latex is semi solid

3)When acid is added to latex,coagulation of latex occur:
a)positively charged hydrogen ion from the acid NEUTRALISE the negative charges on the surface of the protein membrane.A natural rubber particle is formed.

the neutral particle no longer repel each other.these neutral particles collide with each other ,causing the membrane to break.the rubber polymers are freed and they coagulate by combining together to form large lump of rubber polymer.The latex has coagulated.

4)coagulating of latex can be prevented by adding alkali to it.The AMMONIA SOLUTION will neutralise any acis that may be produced by the bacteria

Biology-Transport-Blood Clotting

1)When a blood vessel is damaged,the vessel will constrict to minimize blood loss.
2)Platelets then stick to collagen fibres of damaged vessel wall and clumping together.
3)The platelets and clotting factor work together to produce Thromboplastin/Trombokinase.
4)Thromboplastion+calcium ions+vitamin K,catalyse the change of Prothrombin to Thrombin
5)Thrombin then catalyse the conversion of fibrinogen to Fibrin
6)Fibrin-seal the wound,trap erthrocytes(red blood cell)and platelets.
7)Serum is blood plasma without Fibrinogen


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Welcome

sorry for my broken english,
sometime,i will use chinese to explain.
this blog is only for few subject
and just for form 4 & 5
if any thing u wants,can tell me too

subject that will publish:
1)bio
2)physics
3)chemistry
4)sejarah
5)science

will it add up if got...
hope u all enjoy

again,sry for my "brillant" english
XD